Affiliate Marketing Secrets

They don’t unless there’s traffic right.
Wrong?
Affiliate marketing comes to mind, but that’s not really what this is. Do companies just pay you to put there ad up or do they actually pay you like per click or per sign up.
Can it be a combination of both?
Is there any program that will pay you if your website has 0 traffic?
If I’m applying for a program (i want them to rent my website for ads), what happens if I lie about how many unique visitors I recieve?
Can they check it? Speaking of which, how do I myself check how many visitors my page gets.
I hear of ppl saying “Google” pays them money for their website. How does that work.