Affiliate Marketing Secrets

11. Consider the following statement: “If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones.” This statement is an example of
a. a hypothesis.
b. discovery science logic.
c. rationalization.
d. deductive reasoning.
12. One of the labs in Bio 107 we offer in some semesters is a field trip to explore the native chaparral in Florida Canyon. The chaparral is a region characterized by a climate of long, dry summers and mild winters, clay-like soil, and interactions of particular groups of animals, plants, and microorganisms. The Chaparral best describes what level of organization?
a. Biosphere
b. Ecosystem
c. Community
d. Population
13. Suppose a small number of bacterial cells are placed in a container that includes all necessary nutrients for the bacteria. For a while, there is no increase in bacterial numbers as cells adjust to their new environment. Afterwards, there is rapid increase in numbers, with the number of new bacteria added proportional to the current number. Following this rapid increase, there is a long phase where the number of new cells equals the number of cells that have died. What does the overall pattern of bacterial growth described here most resemble?
a. J-shaped
b. A population’s carrying capacity in the absence of limiting factors
c. Global human increases from its beginnings to current times.
d. Logistic
14. If an ecosystem has a carrying capacity of 1000 individuals for a given species, and 2000 individuals of that species are present, the population
a. is at equilibrium.
b. has exceeded the carrying capacity.
c. may decline dramatically.
d. b and c are correct.
15. If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupy the same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?
a. Both species will coexist.
b. A new species will arise.
c. One species will take over and drive the other species out
d. Mutualism will exist between the two species.
16. The relationship between a cow and the cellulose-digesting bacteria in the cow’s digestive tract would best be described as
a. Mutualism
b. Parasitism.
c. Interspecific competition.
d. Predation.
17. All organisms require certain nutrients for survival and reproduction. Suppose a particular bacterial population thrives only in the top five millimeters of lakes. Suppose a microscopic plant population also thrives only in the top five millimeters of lakes. When the bacterial and plant populations are floating together, the bacterial population is reduced to 20% of the number it was when floating in the absence of plants. What does this situation likely illustrate?
a. Species diversity of a community
b. Niches of two species are separate and distinct.
c. One population serving as a resource for another population.
d. Interspecific competition.
18. What conditions might occur in a country displaying zero population growth?
a. Immigration equals emigration.
b. A population pyramid is larger at its base than at its tip.
c. Birth rate is greater than death rate.
d. The demand for new elementary schools is greater than the demand for retirement homes.
19. What would be an example of primary succession?
a. Events following a melting glacier, exposing bare rocky terrain.
b. The colonization of an empty region by long-lived plant species.
c. Community replacement on lands abandoned by a farmer.
d. A forest community that is relatively stable over time.
20. If there are 1000 metric tons of producers in an ecosystem, about how much of the energy in those producers will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem?
a. 100%
b. 50%
c. about 10%
d. about 1%
e. about 0.1%
21. Given that CO2 is produced by respiration, why does the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere remain relatively constant? (When answering this question, exclude the impact of human activities on atmospheric CO2.)
a. CO2 is converted in photosynthesis to carbohydrates.
b. CO2 is split apart during photosynthesis.
c. CO2 mostly forms carbonate rocks.
d. CO2 is trapped in dead organisms’ bodies.
e. CO2 is a buffer.

A. A stable ecological niche leads to absence of selection pressure, which in turn causes species to remain unmodified or in stasis.
B. An unstable ecological niche leads to various selection pressures, which in turn causes the species to remain in a stage of stasis.
C. A stable ecological niche leads to various selection pressures, which in turn causes species to remain unmodified or in stasis.